Family Issues in the Play Death of a Salesman Essay -- success, life, p

The take to the woods, Death of a Salesman, is a tragic gambol about an aging salesman who tries to do either he can to support his family and make them lead masteryful lives. The struggling salesman, Willy Loman has two sons, sack and felicitous, whom he tries to necessitate towards success. Willy believes that being well liked and making a good and lasting impression are the keys to success and tries to teach this philosophy to his two sons. Biff, being the pet son of Willy, has worked as a manual(a) laborer and Willy believes that Biff can do so much more with his life. While Biff is happy, he does not meet Willys criteria for success. Biff is futile to fulfill Willys dream because Willys idea of success is not a life Biff wants to pursue. Biff Loman, a mellowedly successful high school football player, was supposedly meant for great things after high school. However, Biff failed to graduate from high school referable to failing a mathematics class, and too did not com plete the class during summer school, because of the discussion he had with his father. The discussion was one that was eye-opening, as Biff well-read that his father was unfaithful to his mother, Youyou gave her Mamas stockingsdont touch me, youliar...You fake You phony little fake You fake (95). This is the moment in the play where Biff lost all regard as for his father. Due to not graduating, he lost his athletic scholarship to the University of Virginia. Since then, Biff has been working blue-collar jobs in the westbound while not making oer thirty-five dollars a week. He is happy there but realizes that there is not much future in that line of work and ends up travel home without a job.Willy cannot understand how everything could have gone so wrong for Biff. Willy has always been und... ...him (111). This play has a myth that I feel like umteen people can relate to. In my case, my dad would prefer if I mentioned his footsteps into medicine, but he says to do what I enjo y. While I certainly wouldnt rule that field out, it is nice to know that if I want to do something different, I have my familys support. In conclusion, Biff will not follow in Willys footsteps due to the fact that he has no motivation or desire to go into the patronage world. Willy dies thinking that his life was a success because of the money he is leaving for his son whereas it is not, at least in the way he thinks. Biff breaks discontinue from Willys false dream and tells Happy He had the wrong dreams. All, all, wrong... He never knew who he was (111). Happy does end up taking the money to set forth a business and while that was not Willys main aim it is something rather than nothing. Family Issues in the Play Death of a Salesman Essay -- success, life, pThe play, Death of a Salesman, is a tragic drama about an aging salesman who tries to do all he can to support his family and make them lead successful lives. The struggling salesman, Willy Loman has two sons, Biff and Happy, whom he tries to drive towards success. Willy believes that being well liked and making a good and lasting impression are the keys to success and tries to teach this philosophy to his two sons. Biff, being the favorite son of Willy, has worked as a manual laborer and Willy believes that Biff can do so much more with his life. While Biff is happy, he does not meet Willys criteria for success. Biff is unable to fulfill Willys dream because Willys idea of success is not a life Biff wants to pursue. Biff Loman, a highly successful high school football player, was supposedly meant for great things after high school. However, Biff failed to graduate from high school due to failing a mathematics class, and also did not complete the class during summer school, because of the discussion he had with his father. The discussion was one that was eye-opening, as Biff learned that his father was unfaithful to his mother, Youyou gave her Mamas stockingsdont touch me, youliar...You f ake You phony little fake You fake (95). This is the moment in the play where Biff lost all respect for his father. Due to not graduating, he lost his athletic scholarship to the University of Virginia. Since then, Biff has been working blue-collar jobs in the west while not making over thirty-five dollars a week. He is happy there but realizes that there is not much future in that line of work and ends up returning home without a job.Willy cannot understand how everything could have gone so wrong for Biff. Willy has always been und... ...him (111). This play has a story that I feel like many people can relate to. In my case, my dad would prefer if I followed his footsteps into medicine, but he says to do what I enjoy. While I certainly wouldnt rule that field out, it is nice to know that if I want to do something different, I have my familys support. In conclusion, Biff will not follow in Willys footsteps due to the fact that he has no motivation or desire to go into the business world. Willy dies thinking that his life was a success because of the money he is leaving for his son whereas it is not, at least in the way he thinks. Biff breaks free from Willys false dream and tells Happy He had the wrong dreams. All, all, wrong... He never knew who he was (111). Happy does end up taking the money to start a business and while that was not Willys main aim it is something rather than nothing.

The Importance of Being A Teacher Essay -- Teachers Teaching Education

The Importance of Being A Teacher In psychologists Erik Ericksons eight stages of psychosocial development, stage five is acknowledge as the time frame in life where an adolescent either discovers his or her identity, or experiences role confusion, that is a misunderstanding of where one fits into the puzzle of society. This is, without a doubt, one of the most crucial stages of any human beings life. The decisions and choices made at this point in a life may very well shape the remainder of their physical lives. It would seem quite obvious from this statement that the people involved in an adolescents life could possibly have a gigantic impact on what he or she becomes. The teaching that these teens acquire should come from several areas, one of which is the school setting. Although a teachers line of descent must be treated with extreme delicacy, what an opportunity a teacher has to help shape and mold thousands of young minds. Throughout the rest of this paper I will explain the philosophies and types of teaching that I plan to use, the personal beliefs, morals, and viewpoints that I plan to incorporate, and my future plans regarding school and life after my four years at Concord. There are numerous philosophies and teaching styles that are used throughout the world today. The six main philosophies currently recognized are Perennialism, Progressivism, Existentialism, Essentialism, Social Reconstruction, and Behaviorism. man each of these has their own advantages and disadvantages, there are two that I intent would strongly accommodate the type of teacher that I would like to be. I feel that a combination of Essentialism and Behaviorism would allow me to be most effective in a high school English... ...a joy it would be to be fitted to administer guidance to some of the callowness that were in desperate need of it. My students would learn much more than the joys of the literary world. They would also learn a do of thi ngs about life and the ways to live. By the end of each year, they would know that I was not just a teacher who wanted to teach them strategies and mob information down their throats, but that I was a man of character who deeply desired to make a difference and be a rive of each one of their lives. If they needed to cry, I would love to be that shoulder to cry on. If I had to sum up my feelings and philosophies in one sentence to wind up things up Id say I whole-heartedly desire to become a teacher because I want to serve, care, love, and teach todays youth. Nothing would be finer than to look back on my life and know that I had affected people.

The Loneliness of Hamlet :: Shakespeare Hamlet Essays

The Loneliness of hamlet       Hamlet was a lonely, isolated character, with few friends, and little faith in humanity. His loneliness played a great role in his downfall, by alienating him from his friends and family and eventually taking control of his actions. He did not share the knowledge of his fathers murder or the way of the ghost with anyone. He couldnt even trust his friends and family, and he hid his true feelings from his only love, Ophelia, driving her to suicide. These events lead eventually to his downfall, and could have been avoided by sharing his dilemma.   Two of Hamlets friends, Horatio and Marcellus, were stand watch at the castle one night when they witnessed the first apparition of the ghost of Hamlets father. They decided to confide in their friend, and tell Hamlet of what had taken place. The quest night, the three of them all stood watch to wait for the ghost. It appeared, and informed Hamlet that his uncle, Claudius, had murdered his father. Immediately following this, Hamlet declared that the event must be unplowed in secrecy Never make known what you have seen tonight (Iv144). In order to prove the validity of the ghost, Hamlet would have to mystify proof of his fathers murder, without sharing his ideas with anyone. He decided to make believe he was mad, so that the members of the kings court could excuse his behavior as he plotted his revenge. However, as he kept to himself, he became overwhelmed by his madness and fell into a deeper state of loneliness, ignoring those close to him, as he contemplated the value of life. ...it goes so heavily with my angle of inclination that this goodly frame, the earth seems to me a sterile promontory this most excellent canopy, the air, look you, this brave oer hanging firmament, this majestical roof fretted with golden fire-why it appears vigor to me but a foul and pestilent congregation of vapors...(IIii289)   As Hamlet tried to prove the murder of his father and have his revenge, Claudius discovered that Hamlet knew the truth. Claudius hired two of Hamlets friends, Rosencrantz and Guildenstern, to spy on Hamlet in secret, ...be even and direct with me whether you were sent for or no (IIii278-79). Later on, Claudius and Polonius, the father of Ophelia, in any case spied on Hamlet when he was with Ophelia, trying to discover the cause of his madness Ophelia, walk you here.

Israel and Terrorism Essay -- Threats to World Peace

Introduction The Conflict, Cause for Optimism, and SkepticismOver the past 55 years conflict between Israelis and Palestinians has led to three wars, years of act of terrorism, and decades of scantiness and displacement resulting in thousands upon thousands of deaths among both peoples. Despite the conflict, Israel has managed to develop its economy thanks in large part to generous foreign aid. Palestinians, however, have largely been living in poverty, under the rule of a corrupt government and in fear of Israeli strength. These harsh conditions have no doubt exacerbated the conflict sparked by the creation of the state of Israel in 1948. The establishment of a Palestinian state living side by side with Israel is supported by many world leaders today as the most feasible strategy for lifting the quality of life of the Palestinian people and thus cooling the conflict which has reached particularly tragical heights over the past 4 years. The death of Palestinian Authority (PA) Pr esident Yasser Arafat offers a new opportunity to advance toward this goal as Israel and the U.S. refused to negociate with him due to his incitement of and support for terrorism, as well as the corruption within his government. The recent election of PA President Mahmoud Abbas, and his effort to fight terrorism and seek negotiations, has been viewed optimistically by much of the world as the first step toward beginning new efforts to move forward with the development of a Palestinian state. However, Abbas cannot negotiate a settlement unless his people support it. Despite views from foreign leaders and societies, and perhaps from Abbas, that a two-state solution is the best option, Palestinians have been taught by the PA for decades that a two-state solut... ...ry 2005.Ask for Death The Indoctrination of Palestinian Children to Seek Death for Allah Shahada.www.pmw.org/il, 3 March 2005.http//www.jewishgrassroots.com/images/Shocking%20images%20of%20Palestinian%20toddlers_files/sho cking%20images%20of%20Palestinian%20toddlers.htm, 3 March 2005.Sukhtian, Lara. Palestinian Police wont Stop Militants. Washington Post, 14 February, 2005. http//www.standwithus.com/news_post.asp?NPI=259, 4 March 2005. Israel blames bombing on militants, Syria. CNN World. 26 February 2005. http//www.cnn.com/2005/WORLD/meast/02/26/telaviv.explosion/index.html, 27 February 2005.Gilmore, Inigo. Abbas orders Palestinian television to refreshed up its act. Telegraph News, 6 February 2005.http//www.telegraph.co.uk/news/main.jhtml?xml=/news/2005/02/06/wmid06.xml&sSheet=/news/2005/02/06/ixworld.html, 6 March 2005.

The Power Struggle between the President and Congress Essay -- Papers

The Power Struggle between the professorship and telling From the inception of the Constitution, thither has always been a power struggle between the President and coition. In the beginning, Madison and the Jeffersonians were placed in a gridlock with Hamilton and his school of political philosophy. Andrew Jackson fought to elapse the powers of the President, then Congress spent 50 years fighting to repeal the powers of the Executive. Abraham Lincoln refined Jacksonian presidential politics, then Congress impeached his successor, Andrew Johnson, for fear of some other quasi -- tyrannical President. Even today, a Congress, whose majority is of the same party as the President, fights 24 hours a day to check the power of President George W. Bush. precisely why, and how? Inherent Power Struggles Within the Constitution Article I, Section I -- All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the coupled States, which shall consist of a Senate and a House of Re presentatives VS. Article II, Section I -- The executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America Article II, Section II -- The President shall be the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several states, when called into the unfeigned service of the United States - The Founders ambiguous and contradicting language sets the stage for a power struggle between the Executive and the Legislative branches - Being that the Founders were political masterminds, they realized that fantastic circumstances would demand some deviations from the restraints that the Constitution places on both the Executive and the Legislature - Founders anticipated that during times of crisis, the nation would need ... ... in office and how the sex act will act toward the President whether he be a President that demands respect or one who forfeits it and whether the Congress gives in to the demands of the Executive or if the Congre ss comes down on t he Executive like a hammer on a nail. This can be accomplished by believe the circumstances in which a President takes office, the manner in which he carries himself during his term, and the way in which the President leaves as Commander in Chief. Conclusion The President has neither gained nor lost power. There exists the same balance between Executive and Congress as there was when Washington was sworn in as Americas commencement President. The only difference between then and now, is the fact that today we must wade through the layers of insignificance and precedents that history has forged against us, the political thinker and historian.

The Power Struggle between the President and Congress Essay -- Papers

The Power Struggle amidst the chair and Congress From the inception of the Constitution, there has always been a power struggle between the President and Congress. In the beginning, Madison and the Jeffersonians were placed in a gridlock with Hamilton and his school of political philosophy. Andrew Jackson fought to extend the powers of the President, then Congress spent 50 years fight to repeal the powers of the Executive. Abraham Lincoln refined Jacksonian presidential politics, then Congress impeached his successor, Andrew Johnson, for fear of another quasi -- tyrannical President. Even right away, a Congress, whose majority is of the aforementioned(prenominal) party as the President, fights 24 hours a day to check the power of President George W. Bush. But why, and how? Inherent Power Struggles Within the Constitution phrase I, fragment I -- All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and a House of Representatives VS. Article II, Section I -- The executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America Article II, Section II -- The President shall be the Commander in Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States, and of the Militia of the several states, when called into the actual service of the United States - The Founders ambiguous and contradicting language sets the stage for a power struggle between the Executive and the Legislative branches - Being that the Founders were political masterminds, they realized that unique circumstances would demand some deviations from the restraints that the Constitution places on two the Executive and the Legislature - Founders anticipated that during times of crisis, the nation would need ... ... in office and how the congress will act toward the President whether he be a President that demands respect or one who forfeits it and whether the Congress gives in to the demands of the Executive or if the Congress comes down on t he Executive alike(p) a hammer on a nail. This can be accomplished by viewing the circumstances in which a President takes office, the manner in which he carries himself during his term, and the way in which the President leaves as Commander in Chief. Conclusion The President has neither gained nor lost power. There exists the same balance between Executive and Congress as there was when Washington was sworn in as Americas first President. The only difference between then and now, is the fact that today we must wade through the layers of insignificance and precedents that history has forged against us, the political thinker and historian.

Example of a perception paragraph Essay

I am discussing the wealth inequality about hos its being distributed. Distribution of wealth is one of the important problems we wee-wee in our society, and it depends on the outcome of people in the environment. I am looking at the perception, status, charity and imperialism of how the world is and can be. First, I pass on discuss status and Imperialism. Imperialism, as defined by the dictionary of geography, is an unequal human and territorial relationship, usually in the form of an empire, based on ideas of transcendency and practices of dominance, and involving the extension of authority and control of one state or people over another.The people in power contrive unlimited authority because they have all the money they control the less privileged ones with less money. The perception of people about the environment on wealth distribution is one of the problems that deprives the friendship from improving. Charity is the practice of benevolent giving and caring. It is desirab le that the earth should be peopled, governed, and developed, as far as possible, by the races which can do this work best. This argon the people in high status that can make the community a better place.The focus of my paper is to discuss about how wealth should be distributed. There is no real answer to should wealth be evenly distributed or distributed according to class and status?. I picked this topic because of my experience have had with wealth in my family. I personally believe wealth should be evenly distributed. If it is evenly distributed, everybody is going to have equal opportunity in life.

Competitive advantage through employees Essay

Organizations that seek to gain competitive advantage through employees must be able to manage their performance. A 360-degree feedback process is a popular means of managing and improving organizational performance. This method means a person receives feedback from a full circle of other pot who work some him or her, which includes peers, subordinates, supervisor and even themselves (Atwater & Brett, 2006). The 360-degree approach recognizes that little change basis be expected without feedback, and that different constituencies are a source of rich and reclaimable information to help managers guide their behavior. In a traditional performance evaluation, such as supervisor-subordinate, the supervisor tends to look at a persons performance from an evaluative viewpoint. In 360-degree reviews, the purpose is more from a feedback viewpoint, which can help the organization to increase or gain competitive advantages by providing feedback to leading and managers.For instance, a subor dinates perspective likely will be distinctly different from that of the supervisor. Furthermore, Research has shown that 360-degree feedback can enhance communications and performance (Bernardin & Beatty, 1987). Because it gives a sense to employees that their opinions had been actively sought and heard, which ultimately led to a more open and communicative environment (Carson, 2006). However, misuse of the 360-degree feedback, can lead to hurt feelings, increase anxiety, and even loss of key personnel (Carlson, 2006). Whats more, preparation and implementation of 360-degree feedback is costly as investing time and money.And the process may generate strain between the manager and those who provide ratings (Hautaluoma, et al, 1992). Further, it may set up potential conflict by highlighting the need to be different things to different people. As a result, negative information becomes more powerful and difficult to deny, especially when raters agree and easy to distort or perceive se lectively, especially when raters disagree. In conclusion, regarding to the 360-degree feedback, how it can be used to add great value to organizational effectiveness and development, depends very much on the organizational culture how you implement it and how you can use the results.ReferencesCarson, M 2006, Saying it like isnt The pros and cons of 360-degree feedback, Business horizons, vol. 49, pp. 395-402 Kramar, R, Bartram, T,Cieri, De Cieri, H, Noe, RA, Hollenbeck, JR, Gerhart, B, & Wright, PM, 2014, Human Resource Management in Australia,5th Edition, Mc-Graw Hill, North Ryde, NSW. Lepsinger, R. & Lucia, A.D. 1997, 360 degree feedback and performance appraisal, Minneapolis. London, M & Beatty, Richard, W 1993, 360-Degree Feedback as a Competitive Advantage, Human Resource Management, vol. 32, issue 2/3, pp. 353-372, 20p, 6 Diagrams

The hunger games book review

Catkins Overseen, along side lumberman tri onlye PETA Mallard, is forced to fight for her brio against stronger competitors from wealthier districts, some of whom have trained for this their livelong lives. If Catkins Is going to win thusly Catkins will need to kill everyone In the games. The only question Is, are the odds ever In her favor? I personally admire the panache that Catkins would willingly take her sisters place In the Ames, when there is a one in a million chance that she could win.The author has truly grasped the idea of what its manage to be in a mail like Catkins no father, a become thats stuck in the past, and a 13-year-old sister that needs looking by and by. I was compelled after hearing about the games in the story. The whole prospect Just made me demolish with excitement. Its a very unusual and out-of-the ordinary plot for a take hold, but I think that its originality is what makes it Just that berth better than your tankard teen fiction.I think tha t the authors subroutine of descriptive techniques, Like personification, was extremely noticeable because of Its effectiveness on the story. Overall, I really enjoyed the book and highly cheer to those who love teen fiction or Just enjoy the adrenaline rush. Good Job Suzanne Collins, and I would by all odds read it again. The hunger games book examine By Halley Halley Karri AAA In The coming(prenominal) North America, known as Panel, there is a rich and recent developed City named The Capitol.The hunger games book reviewCatkins Overseen, along side fellow tribute PETA Mallard, is forced to fight for her life against stronger competitors from wealthier districts, some of whom have trained for this their whole lives. If Catkins Is going to win then Catkins will need to kill everyone In the games. The only question Is, are the odds ever In her favor? I personally admire the way that Catkins would willingly take her sisters place In the Ames, when there is a one in a million chan ce that she could win.The author has truly grasped the idea of what its like to be in a situation like Catkins no father, a mother thats stuck in the past, and a 13-year-old sister that needs looking after. I was compelled after hearing about the games in the story. The whole prospect Just made me shatter with excitement. Its a very unusual and out-of-the ordinary plot for a book, but I think that its originality is what makes it Just that bit better than your tankard teen fiction.I think that the authors use of descriptive techniques, Like personification, was extremely noticeable because of Its effectiveness on the story. Overall, I really enjoyed the book and highly recommend to those who love teen fiction or Just enjoy the adrenaline rush. Good Job Suzanne Collins, and I would definitely read it again. The hunger games book review By Halley Halley Karri AAA In The Future North America, known as Panel, there is a rich and modern developed City named The Capitol.The hunger games book reviewCatkins Overseen, along side fellow tribute PETA Mallard, is forced to fight for her life against stronger competitors from wealthier districts, some of whom have trained for this their whole lives. If Catkins Is going to win then Catkins will need to kill everyone In the games. The only question Is, are the odds ever In her favor? I personally admire the way that Catkins would willingly take her sisters place In the Ames, when there is a one in a million chance that she could win.The author has truly grasped the idea of what its like to be in a situation like Catkins no father, a mother thats stuck in the past, and a 13-year-old sister that needs looking after. I was compelled after hearing about the games in the story. The whole prospect Just made me shatter with excitement. Its a very unusual and out-of-the ordinary plot for a book, but I think that its originality is what makes it Just that bit better than your tankard teen fiction.I think that the authors use of des criptive techniques, Like personification, was extremely noticeable because of Its effectiveness on the story. Overall, I really enjoyed the book and highly recommend to those who love teen fiction or Just enjoy the adrenaline rush. Good Job Suzanne Collins, and I would definitely read it again. The hunger games book review By Halley Halley Karri AAA In The Future North America, known as Panel, there is a rich and modern developed City named The Capitol.

Child Labour Essay

Child labor is make that harms clawren or keeps them from attending school. nigh the world growing gaps between rich and poor in recent decades have forced millions of young children out of school and into accomplishment. The International Labor constitution estimates that 215 million children between the ages of 5 and 17 currently work under conditions that be considered illegal, hazardous, or extremely exploitative. Underage children work at all sorts of jobs some the world, usually because they and their families are extremely poor.Large numbers of children work in commercial agriculture, fishing, manufacturing, mining, and domestic service. Some children work in illicit activities like the drug trade and prostitution or other traumatic activities such as serving as soldiers. Some social scientists point out that some kinds of work may be completely unobjectionable except for one thing about the work that makes it exploitative. For instance, a child who delivers newspaper s before school might really benefit from learning how to work, gaining responsibility, and a bit of money. But what if the child is not paid?Then he or she is being exploited. As UNICEFs 1997 narrate of the Worlds Children Report puts it, Childrens work needs to be seen as happening along a continuum, with destructive or exploitative work at one end and beneficial work promoting or enhancing childrens development without interfering with their schooling, recreation and rest at the other. And between these two poles are vast areas of work that need not negatively affect a childs development. Other social scientists have slightly different ways of drawing the line between acceptable and unacceptable work.As UNICEFs 1997 State of the Worlds Children Report puts it, Childrens work needs to be seen as happening along a continuum, with destructive or exploitative work at one end and beneficial work promoting or enhancing childrens development without interfering with their schooli ng, recreation and rest at the other. And between these two poles are vast areas of work that need not negatively affect a childs development. Other social scientists have slightly different ways of drawing the line between cceptable and unacceptable work. In 2000, the ILO estimates, 246 million child workers aged 5 and 17 were involved in child labour, of which 171 million were involved in work that by its nature is hazardous to their safety, physical or mental health, and moral development. Moreover, some 8. 4 million children were engaged in so-called unconditional worst forms of child labour, which include forced and bonded labour, the use of children in armed conflict, trafficking in children and commercial sexual exploitation.

Cold Equations

1. ) What does the pilot want? To save the female child. 2. ) Is the pilot believably to succeed? Most plausibly not because by doing so he would kill others. 3. )What does the sister want? She wants to live. 4. ) Is the sister likely to succeed? I doubt it cause of there be a law and there seems theers no other way then her diying. 5. ) What does the goernment want? For the girl to be thrown off the ship. 6. ) Is the government likely to succeed? I belive so. 7. ) What should happen? The girl should be saved. 8. ) What will happen? The girl will most likely die. 9. )Is the pilot a good soul or a bad person?Explain. The piot is a good person because he truly wants to save the girl but under the surcanstances he knows he cant. 10. ) Is the sister a good person or a bad person? Explain. The sister is a good person because over all she didnt mean to nonplus all this happen to her she was just innocent to the knowlage of the law. 11. ) Is the government good or bad? Explain. It is good it is just doing what it has to do . 12. ) What does the title refer to? It mearns that all the math is saying that he girl must die even though its not very just. 13. ) Is this story scarey? Sad? Funny? Something else? Explain.I think it is sasd because of a iniocent girl having to die. 14. ) What does the author want me to think or feel? I geuss sad. 15. ) What is the central idea of this story? That this girl is a stole away but theres not enough fuel to carry them all safely so they must throw here overboard even it its not very humanly . 16. ) What might different people do in this situation? Mabey if it was a different pilot he would name already thrown her into spaceor mabey found away to save her. If it was a different girl she may have just accepted what she did an go overboared or she could have found away to save herself.

What different views of the Duke are presented in acts 1-3?

Written in the early 17th century, Measure for Measure was one and only(a) of the many plays that Shakespeare wrote to entertain his King, which at the sentence was James I. Shakespeare used this play to present his proclaim views of the King, and his ideals of a King through his presentation of the Duke Vincentio.A more complex character than first believed, Shakespeare transforms the Duke passim the play. As the Duke set out on a quest to not only escape the pressures of his role, but to learn from his invites and find himself. The Duke is the first person to deliver this is one of Shakespeares common techniques to indicate who he deems around important in the play. Even if it appears that the story evolves around the character of Angelo, under the surface it is evident that the Duke is the throttle valve behind it all.At the start of the play we see that the Duke is a man with general morals, complimenting the people under him. This is Shakespeare showing us from the start that he wishes the Duke to be seen as a good man. In the first scene we learn that for the head of a city he does not enjoy being in the public eye, I love the people, but do not like to stage me to their eyes. This quote also shows us that he is an honourable and warmth Duke as he loves his people, but he doesnt have the confidence to assert his authority.In the beginning of the play the view of the Duke is formulated to be that he is refined but a little spineless allowing his streets to be filled with sin, bawds, thiefs. To re-enforce the opinion that Duke is honourable, Shakespeare makes the Duke accept fault for the state that the town is in, twas my fault to give the people orbital cavity, although he politic doesnt do any subject about it.When the Duke is talking to Pompey in act three scene two, we see a different character emerging. From his real life experience he appears to have gathered confidence and is beginning to show signs of authority, he calls Pompey a wicked bawd to tell him how disappointed he was with him. just these saucy found urges have to be suppressed as he is under the guise of the beggar, so he uses religious references to voice his feelings instead, if the devil have habituated thee proofs for sin. Shakespeare uses verse here to emphasise the seriousness as it is more rhythmic and emphasised by the stresses in the line due to iambic pentameter.By the end of act three, the Duke is almost ready to take the reigns back of Angelo, as he has reached a point where he knows what a leader should be, and has gathered the friendship and confidence to assert himself He who the sword of heaven entrust bear should be as holy as severe. In Shakespeares time, Kings were the closest thing to Gods and therefore had to be perfect role models. Here the Duke is saying that they should be perfectly balanced as good and moral as they are strict.However the Duke shows a darker side of him, perhaps the slight edge of coldness needed to rule successfully, but nevertheless the Duke creates his own amusement whilst under the guise of the Friar to control the characters to carry out his plan. Although this was done to benefit his people, as he protected the almost innocent and also teach the guilty a lesson.Shakespeare advisedly manipulates the audiences opinion o the Duke throughout the play as the character himself changes drastically from start to finish. Firstly we see his understudies having great respect for him, always obedient to your graces will. However in act three it becomes clear to the audience that the townspeople only like him because they are allowed to do as they please.The character of Lucio personifies the feelings of the townspeople when he tells the Duke himself, (disguised as the friar) that he doesnt doubt the intelligence or honour of the Duke, calling him wise although also referring to him as, Avery superficial, ignorant, unweighing fellow. Thus clarifying that the townspeople dont know the Duke and moreover that the Duke doesnt know them, ignorant.There is debate further that Lucio is aware that is the Duke and is deliberately making use of this to voice his true opinions of him, or perhaps merely for his own amusement as Lucio is a joker type character. However it could be countered by saying that this is too intelligent for Lucio and this is simply a comedic scene as Lucio is putting his foot in his mouth. Shakespeare makes the Duke speak in verse here, serving multiple purposes firstly because it is more relaxed as the scene is a comedy. Secondly because it is a scene to move the story of the play on and verse would take to long to do this.We also gather the character of Escalus opinion of the Duke whilst he is still disguised, although it is great contrast to Lucios. The character of Escalus appears as the wise old advocate, pointing out straight away one of the key themes of the entire play and also one of the main reasons that the Duke went into hiding above all ot her strifes contended especially to know himself.It is also debated that Escalus was aware of the disguise and knew exactly what he was doing, yet in this character it is more likely to be the case, as Escalus is the right-hand-man. This theory is reinforced by the fact that Escalus then compliments the Duke, knowing that revealing the fact that the Dukes inner most fears are visible to someone else, he provides a comforter, Rather rejoicing to see another merry, than merry at anything which professed to make him rejoice. Meaning that the Duke would kind of see others happy than be happy himself.I feel that the true opinion of the Duke lies somewhere in between Lucios and Escalus views, as he was ignorant of the townspeople, however he is wise and very caring, shown in how he deals with Angelo at the end of the play.

Effective Leadership of the Registered Nurse in Home Care Essay

It is grueling to define what makes an effective attracters in root word care, but most of people would be fitting to distinguish between effective and weak leadershiphip. Leading is associated with leading the way. Professionals who can see a way forward and can explain this to nurses and enthuse them to follow that path are very much considered to be demonstrating leadership. In the language often used to portray leadership in floor care this interprets as people who both have vision and are able to communicate the vision to nurses and to motivate them into fetching action. leadership is important in the initiatives intended to develop and improve topographic point care services. This type of leadership is essential in effective management of home care.Effective leadership and team workingLeadership is essentially about relationships with staff. One cant be a leader unless employees are ready to go alongside or to follow ones lead. Creating a good team is not a one-off activity that can be achieved finished an away day, although this also can be a useful mechanism. It is a continuing process that should to be continually worked at. The team may be very diverse in knowledge, skills and experience. Effective leadership in a multi-disciplinary context can be hindered by lack of understanding of each others roles (Kadushin 67). Therefore, the effective leader must ensure that there is opportunity and encouragement to explore the differences rather than leaving them partially recognized and potentially damaging.Leadership bearingThere is a fairly wide unanimity that there is no one right field way to be an effective leader in home care (Zarit 34). As every situation is different, leaders often have to be flexible in choosing what style to adopt. Leaders should be able to balance the needs of the individuals, the staff and the task. Style is often considered as a continuum of possibilities between the opposing approaches of being very directive or c onsultative to the principal of delegating decisions. A very directive style, for example, would be to tell a nurse exactly what to do without discussing anything. The opposite would be a delegating style. here the leader hands over most, if not all, of the decision making. There are dangers in both of these styles. Therefore, effective leader will adopt a miscellany of directive and consultative styles according to the situation and the people and tasks demandd. Some of the approaches that effective leader can take come between a directive style and complete delegation. These are the following (Austin 90) selling the leader explains his or her decision to staff and overcome any objections shaping the leader takes the key decisions and then call for staff in shaping how to implement decisions consulting the leader invites comment and ideas and considers these in coming to key decisions selective delegation the leader delegates decisions within a cloth that defines the boun daries of the delegated authority. The leader also ensures that the person to whom he or she has delegated has the training and support to carry out the role.If nurses are frightened of being blamed if mistakes are make it is important for leader to ensure that individuals are not put at risk. The further the leader comes down this list of approaches, the more freedom the leader is perceived to be offering staff. Staffs often want to have some freedom. This is in case, if they are well prepared for the responsibilities that involvement and delegation bring. It is important, however, for the leader to be witting of the expectations in any environment and to use appropriate styles that will work for the employees.Power in effective leadershipLeader with power can check things done and can stop things from happening. The use of power on staff can cause misery and fear or give the confidence of commendation and protection. Effective leaders are often thought to be powerful people who se power on staff gives the confidence of approval and protection. Power of leadership is an energy that can be used in different ways in home care according to the source from which the power is derived. Effective leader needs some power to lead or manage staff because nurses who are to carry out the tasks and activities need to be empowered to do it. However, it is often more effective to be able to work influentially within an environment where many nurses hold power.Leadership rolesThe very important early stages involve developing the vision of the tasks in a way that encourages nurses to see its value (Austin 67). This vision has to be communicated to nurses. Then it has to be turned into a set of plans that go out the strategy through which the tasks will be accomplished. The effective leader then has to help everyone to maintain progress towards achieving successful outcomes. This is often connected with being a lighthouse and providing the beam of light that directs the nu rses.The role of the effective leader is often described as being connected with vision and values and the role of the omnibus as ensuring effective and efficient actions. The role of the effective leader can be seen as to develop, communicate and maintain the vision. The leader motivates everyone to progress in the right direction and ensures that the strategy is enacted with plans, activities and tasks. Most projects, particularly those in home care settings, include complex settings having many different views and expectations. In such settings it is always difficult to take action because nurses will be interested, concerned or vulnerable. Therefore, the leader will need negotiating and teaching skills.ConclusionEffective leaders in home care have to go backwards through the stages of creating a successful team many times before things run smoothly. Life is never as simple as models and styles might suggest. Leaders in teams can help nurses to understand what is happening and o ften can facilitate productive discussions when storming seems to be distracting the tasks. If stress is placed on the value and importance of achieving the goals successfully, discussions must be kept focused about how to progress. It is usually helpful to ensure that every nurse is tortuous in discussions about working practice because if they are not, there will be a feeling of exclusion and maybe fear of blame. Effective leaders within the team contribute to ensuring that the common commitment to achieving the good results.

Problems That Families Face in Canada Essay

IntroductionA Family is a conference of muckle who resides in a household, which consists of several different types of families. Most problems much(prenominal) as divorce, debauch, alcoholic drink or drug tie in problems and infant abuse usually atomic number 18 the chief(prenominal) dilemmas faced by Canadian families. If these problems keeps reoccurring to families in Canada the question we will have to ask ourselves will families keep on rapidly decreasing because of these present problems faced by Canadian families? In my opinion thats why I wanted to embrace this topic because if these problems keep in the society we actually arrest a great change in the family anatomical structure in Canada. in like manner I want to touch on how sister related such as adoption, puerile pregnancy and other problems atomic number 18 major issue of why there is a negative in change in the family structure. Usually in cases like these in terms of family problems I would not go off my own assumption I would also obtain perspectives from the Functionalist, participation. Feminist and InteractionistsTypes of FamiliesWe realize that a family is descent in where live together with a commit custodyt to form an economical unit of measurement consider the group of critical to their identity and other reasons. Certain types of families would beKinshipA loving ne bothrk of people based on common ancestry, mating or adoption is the basis of family structure. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) The extended FamilyA unit compasses of relatives in addition to p arnts and children all of who live in the same household. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011)The nuclear FamilyThen we see after the course of studys when industrialization was that nuclear family was created This is basically a unit is composed of one or dickens parents and his/ her / their dependent who live apart from the relative. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011)Single parent familyA family that sole(prenominal) has one parent campaign the household. Most of them in Canada being the egg-producing(prenominal) running the household and becoming the breadwinner. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011)Perspective on the ever-changing familyIn each amicable problem we realized that couldnt lean to our understanding of why current problems are happening in the society we must definitely include the opinion from the sociological aspects from the Interactionist, Feminist, Conflict and Functionalist. Basically from the Interactionist point of view is that communication is an important part of understanding family roles which each member interpret in the household. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) They basically analyzed how each member of the family act out their roles and react to the parts mutant by others so we see that the family tend to develop by dint of interactions between each other. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) What the interactionists are formula that mos t problems in the families are cause by women becoming more individualized and society accent romantic love, which is mainly as unrealistic expectations. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011)From the feminist theory they believed that males are more dominant than womanish way before capitalism and ownership of properties became an economic system. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) In more studies of the feminist they said that men labeled themselves as the bread winners because they are the superiors and woman were the inferior ones. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) Also because of this inequality this lead to espousal abuse in terms the rates of spousal homicide has decreased exactly as of course female deaths higher are than males concerning this fact. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) Also the conflict theorists think the same as the feminist what they think is that families are basically sources of social inequality and conflict over values and access to resources . (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011)Also one of the main reasons is that conflict theorist say that women and children are basically owned by the male underframe and they are almost like factory workers. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) From the functionalist perspective they basically stress the importance of family and maintaining stability of the society and the healthful being of people. They are saying that family sort convey an identity to an individual such as providing economic and psychological support, providing a social status for that member and socializing and educating children. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011)Child related ProblemsChild related problems in Canada is one of ways of why probably families change in whatever way as you can see these related can harmful effects on kids on the society today. We see reliable problems of why certain kids have a certain negative behaviors because these certain dilemmas can bring on depression and anxious behavio rs, also some problems such as maybe adoption and abuse can pr regulart a child from healing from stress related depressions I feel these crook a part in the way kids behave and they way family structure shaken up to some of these child related problems. Parental Absence in this situation that can change a family structure. In certain parts of Canada it shown mostly mothers were more present because analyst proved that 78% of the woman that were unite and living with a partner but 22% of the family were taken care by women of most of the time but Canada does have some, but not too more homes, where the dad is the only parent in the house. (Serbin, Temchiff, Cooperman, Stack, Ledingham and Scwartzman 2010)I feel that most families need two parents in the home because a dad would give up financial support, security and in my case lectures and lessons and you would need a mother for TLC (tender loving care). In which the child miss any of these growing up the child might be missin g certain values in life for example if a son grew without a dad you see that sometimes the boy might grow up sort of soft because there was no manly figure present. Adoption is definitely one of the related problems to a child. Adoption is a legal process through which the rights and duties of parenting are transferred from a childs biological and/or legal parents to new legal parents. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) It is a present problem because the hardest to do as family who adopted a child is actually breaking the parole to the kid that not that kids real parents and that can be very frustrating for a young child. (Serbin, Temchiff, Cooperman, Stack, Ledingham and Scwartzman 2010) other big problem would also be drug/ alcohol abuse. We see that in the society that many young kids our experiencing drugs at a early age such as marijuana and mainly alcohol substances. These drugs if taken at a early can maybe affect the child either physically or mentally. Kids that basica lly do drugs and alcohol at a constant mainly has poor averages in school and they tend get into a lot of trouble this is where in terms the parenting comes in to play about parents teaching kids not do drugs. (Serbin, Temchiff, Cooperman, Stack, Ledingham and Scwartzman 2010)In Canada One of the grand issues are mainly adolescent pregnancies. Over the years teen pregnancy has grown tremendously in the ranks and most pregnancies happen to young girls in bigger cities such as Halifax, Quebec and Newfoundland. We see that teen pregnancy bring out two themes which is exiguity and lack of employment opportunity because according to social analyst teenage mother are unskilled at parenting and mostly to drop out of school and mainly not having enough social support. . (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011)Parent related ProblemIn facing social problems we have to realize not only children face problems but also adults face many problems as the leaders of the household. Domestic furiousne ss basically more mothers and kids face this problem because they are mostly the victims. (Dufour, Clement , Chamberland and Dubeau 2011) Mother are mostly terms injured, raped or assaulted by their husbands or somebody else and also the kids can be affected by this as well. (Dufour, Clement , Chamberland and Dubeau 2011) Spousal violence is a part of Domestic violence where the man brings violence towards his wife in certain cases she can end up in hospital or even dead because most of the percentages are women.Men are less likely to be victims of spousal violence. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) fall apart is another problem that parents may go through, Divorce is a legal process of dissolving marriage which permits the former spouse to remarry if choose to do so. (Kendall, Nygaard and Thompson 2011) The reason divorce sometimes is fro many such as religion for example your lover is probably an atheist and you believe in God so that leads to some sort confusion and divorce can happen through status of job where the women in a dual earner home makes more than husband that can lead to some huge confusion and divorce.Final thoughtsIn my final thought I believe that most of these issues that change the family structure such as teen pregnancy divorce and alcohol and drug related issues is, in my opinion, mainly caused by poverty. In Canada we have a lot social classes upper, middle and lower class but in terms of poverty we have two types of poverty which is Absolute and relative poverty in where absolute poverty is when a family doesnt have the income to provide the basic human necessities such as food water and shelter. Relative poverty is almost the middle class family who can definitely concede the basic needs but they cannot afford all menial things for their children such as education and insurance. Also from poverty children is being malnourished because they should be eating healthier because families that are not financially squiffy purchase unh ealthier foods.Also another stress for parents because they could not get certain jobs because they lacked higher education from their primarily days they have to take low entry jobs with low benefits. I have experienced poverty as a child a growing up as adolescent when I move into in grandmothers neighborhood it was the worst neighborhood. My brothers and I were surrounded by drugs, poverty and openhanded friends also we suffered child abuse where my grandmother would just beat us sometimes just for passing game out side but here in Canada you can arrest your parents for disciplining but not where I was from you just took beating and move on. I felt my brothers and I experienced a lot of social problems mainly because of poverty I felt if we where better financial wise I think our lives a whole lot better.BibliographyKendall, Diana., Vicki L. Nygaard and Edward G. Thompson 2011 . Social Problems in a Diverse Society. 3rd Canadian edition.This was our textbook for this year the writer basically explained social problems that people face in CanadaDufour, Sarah, Marie- Eve Clement, Claire Chamberland and Diane Dubeau 2011 Child Abuse disciplinal Context A Typology of Family. Journal of Family ViolenceThe objectives of this study were to identify and validate types of violent family environments based on child abuse in a disciplinary context. The study is original in that it simultaneously takes into cipher the cognitive and behavioral dimensions of the parental role as it relates to the degree of family violence in a childs life.Serbin, Lisa A., Caroline E. Temchiff, Jessica M. Cooperman, Dale M. Stack, Jane Ledingham. Alex E. Schwatzman 2010. Predicting family and other disadvantage conditions for child rearing from childhood aggression and social detachment A30 year longitudinal study

Case in motivation and teamwork of Starbuck Essay

Formal teams be teams whose structures atomic number 18 clearly defined mainly of the al-Qaida of specialization. In these types of teams, the members are not equal and entirely one of them has a rank (Moorhead & Griffin, 73). For example, there are managers, supervisors and opposite junior employees. It is worthy noting that every member of a formal team performs their specific duties. For example, managers check in their offices and issues directives to their juniors. On the other hand, informal teams have no structure and all team members are seen as equal regardless of their specialty. In these types of teams, any member can perform any task. promontory 2 A team in Starbucks consists of three to six people and this helps the employees to know each other well. Any opinion expressed by employees is given an equal significance regardless of their position. The top heed at Starbucks work together with their juniors which makes them more familiar and closer compare d to other bureaucratic companies. The management at Starbucks treats all employees as equals and this is aimed at reducing the gap between the employees and the management. The top management at the attach to believes that employees are its main spirit. Consequently, the management adopts an interactive organizational structure that makes the employees love their jobs and perform them with passion.Question 3a) The size of a team is an all-important(prenominal) factor because it determines how well the team members know each other. This is important because it brings about cohesion in the work place.b) The first benefit of Starbucks having small teams of staff in every branch is that the team members get to know each other better. Secondly, it improves communication within the group.Question 4 From the Starbucks case study, it is clear that there are three major issues that the play along needs to address in its planning process namely listening to the opinion of its employees, equal treatment and ensuring good welfare for the employees. equalise treatment- this is one of the major issues that the company needs to address in its planning process. Equal treatment requires all employees to be treated equally regardless of their position. According to the case study, it is clear that the management at the company treats all employees as equals and refers to them as partners. This is important because it narrows the gap between the employees and the management. Treating every employees fairly and equally in the workplace results in a friendly working environment. Consequently, if the issue of equal treatment is addressed in the planning process, it will help in creating closer working atmosphere and good management (Rynes & Rosen 64). perceive to the employees- listening to the employees is other issue that requires to be addressed in the planning process. From the Starbucks case, it is clear that the company wants every employee to take p art in developing plans and work as a team to achieve the come out goals. Consequently, the companys principles and policies are communicated to all employees, and there is no restriction in the employees case-by-case opinions. By listening to the employees, makes them feel important which in turn motivates them hence increasing their productivity (Rynes & Rosen, 83).ReferencesMoorhead, G., & Griffin, R. W. Managing organizational behavior. (10th ed.). Cengage Learning., 2012. PrintRynes, S., & Rosen, B. A field survey of factors affecting the adoption and perceived success of diversity training. personnel office Psychology, 1995. PrintSource document

Are Musicians Born or Made?

For nearly 2,000 geezerhood philosophers nurse wondered whether nontextual matterists ar born or made. In the case of medicamentians, the existence of thousands of medicine schools would t whollyym to point that p fine articipants target be made, same(p) engineers. Arguing against the importance of two that activity argon the curious exceptions far-famed melodyians who can non up to now read medicine. The latter include the near famous male pop singer of the twentieth speed of light and 1 of that blows around famous orchestral conductors.The earliest important intervention of this c any into oral sex presents the problem well, build in a treatise, On the Sublime, is by a 1st century AD writer named Longinus. Nothing else can be documented about the man, and this treatise was well-known d iodine the Renaissance and deeply influenced such writers as Dryden and Pope. Longinus begins by emphasizing the importance of learnedness. premier of wholly, we inse parable plague the question whether there is such a thing as an art craft of the sublime or idealistic. few hold that those atomic number 18 entirely in error who would bring such matters under the precepts of art. A lofty t unity, says nonpareil, is innate, and does non come by teaching nature is the only art that can compass it.Works of nature are, they think, made worse and altogether feebler when wizened by the approach patterns of art. But I maintain that this go out be found to be otherwise if it be observed that, tour nature as a rule is free and independent in matters of passion and elevation, yet is she wont non to act at hit-or-miss and utterly without system. Moreover, the expression of the sublime is more(prenominal) exposed to danger when it goes its own way without the steering of knowledge, when it is suffered to be unstable and unball(a)asted, when it is left at the mercy of mere momentum and ignorant audacity. It is adjust that it often need the spur, except it is resemblingwise dependable that it often needs the curb.1However, in a nonher place, when he is persuasion of the prominent(p) chip ins of the orator, Demos and soes, he wonders if such a great performer can be the result of reading. at that place are some, he mark offms to conclude, whose success can be explained only by a God- softenn ability. But Demosthenes draws as from a store excellences allied to the mettlesomeest sublimity and perfected to the utmost, the tone of lofty speech, living passions, copiousness, readiness, speed (where it is legitimate), and that violence and excitement of his which forbid approach.Having, I say, absorbed bodily within himself these mighty gifts which we whitethorn deem heaven-sent (for it would not be right to term them human), he thus with the noble qualities which are his own routs all comers hitherto where the qualities he does not possess are bear on, and overpowers with thunder and with lightening the orat ors of every age. One could sooner facial gesture with unflinching eyeball a descending thunderbolt than meet with steady gaze his bursts of passion in their swift succession.In the end Longinus retreats from having to view a choice between a studied craft, which he cry outs art, and that gift which is a gift of nature. The highest achievement, he reasons, requires both. Since freedom from failings is for the most part the successful result of art, and excellence (though it whitethorn be un so farly sustained) the result of sublimity, the employment of art is in every way a adaptation aid to nature for it is the conjunction of the two which tends to ensure perfection.When the Church defeated Rome and began its assist of reinventing, so to speak, the Roman citizen, it began by attempting to eliminate as much of the pagan world as executable, in the process combustion the books of Plato, Aristotle, Cicero, etc. The church also attempted to remove emotion from the life of the Christian and as a subordinate part of that idea they warned the Christian about being enthusiastic about art.The principle of the Church was God created the artist, therefore you should love God and not the artist, much less the art object. Because of this position, during the ample Church dominated period we call the Dark Ages, books which discuss art and the artist are rare. With the Renaissance, however, this orbit is widely discussed, informant with the important sixteenth century treatise, the Dodecachordon of 1547, by Heinrich Glarean. Glarean (1488 1563) ofSwitzerland was a man of many natural endowments as is testified to in numerous letters by Erasmus, who gives the impression that he was unusually skilful in all the Liberal finesses. In letters of recommendation, Erasmus calls Glarean a mathematician, meaning four branches of the Liberal Arts.It was from this perspective that Glarean was interested in melody3 and our guess is that he probably did not think of hi mself as a performing musician, although on one occasion he so impressed Maximilian I in his singing of a poem that he was made poet laureate. Such a widely talented man is neer universally popular and in the fictitious, satirical Letters of Obscure Men, of 1515, by Crotus Rubeanus and Ulrich von Hutten, Glarean is described as, very headstrong man. A spartan man, a choleric, for ever threatening fights and he must be have of a devil.Glarean first understandably frames the question who should receive the higher praise, the composer who has his gift finished birth or the man who has studied differ and who composes multi-part music upon the original melody?As we were hastening to the end of this very toilsome book, this not entirely inconsequent thought came to our mind about a matter which I say has been considered in doubt a long time now among men of our times, that is, which is more deserving of praise, the invention of a theme or the addition of several voices namely, so t hat the uninitiated may also understand, whether it is of more value if one can invent a natural tenor, which affects all minds, which takes hold of a mans heart, in short, which so clings to our memory that it often steals upon us without our up to now thinking, and into which we break as if awakened from sleep, as we commonly see concerning many tenors or if one adds three or more voices to the tenor invented in the aforementioned way, which voices, so to speak, embellish it with imitations, canons, changes of modus, tempus, and prolatio.Having presented the question, Glareans own view seems to be that talent comes with birth, not study. It is interesting that he mentions the calculate we ingest pointed out at the beginning, the success of untrained artists. He concludes by presenting the subordinate questions which he implies are necessary to answering the main question. Here is an example of this matter, so that one may comprehend so much the better what we say. Whoever first invented the tenor Te Deum laudamus or any other as Pange lingua, may he not be preferred in talent to one who afterwards composed a complete Mass according to it? First, indeed, to say as a preface, we cannot deny that this happens to each through the power of his talent, and through a certain natural and native capacity rather than through art.The reason for this seems to be that very frequently those who are untrained in music are also surprisingly proficient in inventing tenors in our vernacular, whether Celtic or German, and further, that many who are proficient in adding voices likewise have knowledgeable music badly, to say nothing of other disciplines. Therefore, it is clear that neither talent is legitimately possible for a man unless he is born to it, and, as it is commonly said, unless he received it from his mother.This is likewise true of painters, also of sculptors, and preachers, in short, of all kit and boodle dedicated to Minerva. But indeed, if as Aristotle asse rts, a man is genuinely deserving of praise who discovers the principles of any discipline, for it is very easy to add the rest (he says), I do not see why the first artist, the fair creator of a simple melody (now called a tenor) ought to be inferior to one who does not invent as easily as he adds to what has already been invented. Indeed, we see in the various disciplines that the first inventors always have merited the most praise. Thus Hippocrates is considered superior to Galen, correct though Galen surpassed him with a thousand books. Let everyone direct his attention to the following points as the most sacred of our consideration, namely, which of the two is older, which is more useful, and, finally, which yields to the other.In a letter sent to his publisher, Giraldi Cinthio,6 he indicates that he wrote his treatise, Discorso intorno al comporre dei romanzi of 1549, to refute attacks on Ariostos Orlando Furioso, which he considered a great heroic poem. While his treatise is thus about the 16th century heroic poem in general, which he calls the Romance, Giraldi is equally concerned with establishing poetry as an art. In so doing, he presents one of the most important treatises on Beauty to be found in the 16th century.7 He begins by stating the all men have the genetic materials necessary to fine writing. But, he follows this by writing that temperament produces the poets, only when art makes the orators,8 His point apparently is in attempting to make adistinction between supporter and (learned) skill. By elocution, Giraldi means the manner of expressing with fitting words the thought which the poet has in mind. Here he presents a unique and curious analogy.Since elocution has the same place in composition as the skin does in the human body, the poet ought to put his apparent movement on this part, under which stand all the others, as nature does on the skin of the body. Just as nature, a judicious creatress (by virtue of the intelligence which rules her) of that which she produces, took great care to make the skin soft, pliable, and delicate, and to give it the grace of proper warps so that it appears pleasing to our eyes and makes delightful all that is under it, so the poet should put much talent and study on everything pertaining to words. Since they crop our ideas and carry them from the intellect to the eyes, they ought to be adorned with all the steady that the industry of the writer can give them.Although in this, no less than in other particulars, one ought to shun such superfluous diligence, lest what one would make good becomes bad, and lest excessive desire to embellish results in fastidiousness. Negligence neatly practiced is sometimes better than too much diligence.9This last sentence requires a note of explanation. For the Italian Renaissance (upper class) man, one of the personal characteristics held to be important was that he never exhibit effort. Studied negligence was the close. This can be easily u nderstood in the example of chess playing, where it was held that the gentleman could play notwithstanding that he should not appear to be very good, for if he were good it implied study, practice and work, all of which were not appropriate to the gentleman. Giraldi contends that heroic poetry must be in rhyme. This is only fitting for heroic matter and it carries in itself the perfume of sound and gravity with measure and with the other qualities that belong to the sublime.10 Later he adds that words must not only convey thoughts, but in themselves, pleasurable beauty. It is interesting that he warns the poet to re constituent that his goal is to get wind words for the thoughts, and not thoughts for the words. He pauses to comment on the ancient question of the relationship of learned Art and genius which is a gift of Nature. Here concludes that both are necessary. Of these two, however, the one so needs the other that each is of microscopic value alone. Indeed, art without na ture produces such impoverished versesthat they seem to have suffered for ten years from the hectic fever. Nature without art makes them like fat peasants who are of good color and health but withal have no gentility.Therefore, he concludes, that poet who has as his guide both Nature and Art cannot help but succeed. His definition of Art which follows consequently focuses on both Beauty and Nature. By art I mean here not the intricacies and the entanglements of which I spoke above, which with metaphors, enigmas, and monstrosities would turn authors into alchemists which precepts can make it appear that a man has seen and read much, but are not likely to teach but that which gives us light, not shadow makes our way pleasant, not painful easy, not intricate level, not conscienceless that which leads us not through briars but through flowering meadows that which teaches us without so much ramification and such monstrosities of words and images. Like arranged flowers, after we have ch osen them from the green force fields of poesy, our compositions ought to be set in order with marvelous beauty.Marco Girolamo Vida was born in Cremona some time before the beginning of the 16th century, at which time his first poems appear, and died in 1566. His poem on chess (Scacchiae Ludus) brought him to the attention of social lion X. After the death of Leo X, Vida remained in the papal court of Clement VII, who made him Bishop of Alba in 1532. retentivity this office, Vida participated in the council of Trent. In his treatise on poetry, De Arte Poetica, of 1561, Vida has observed that there are some who fervently desire to be poets, yet, in spite of all, are not successful. They, apparently, have the training, but not the gift. These men, he recommends, might find a suitable career as lawyers How oft the youth, who wants the sacred fire,Fondly mistakes for genius his desire, Courts the coy Muses, though jilted still, Nor Nature seconds his misguided will He strives, he to ils with unavailing care, Nor Heaven relents, nor Phoebus hears his prayer. He with success, perhaps, may offer a cause, Shine at the bar, and flourish by the laws.One of the important Italian Renaissance writers, Pietro Aretino (1492 1556), was much concerned with respect to the character of the artist. He also considered the question of the nature of Art and the artist, he concluded that the essential gift is one of genetics and not instruction. The truth is that art is an innate gift for considering the excellencies of nature that comes to us when we are babes in swaddling clothes. That which is learned later may be called art, but it is not legitimate, whereas you could not call that art bastard which the spider uses in weaving his web.We might note that to another correspondent he states that neither the gift nor the skill is of any importance without heart.To GiorgioVasari (1511 1574) we are indebted for his revised Lives of 1568, which provides important biographical info rmation regarding 16th century artists. Vasari summarizes his views on our subject of whether the artist is born or learned by declaring, Very great is the obligation that is owed to Heaven and to Nature by those who bring their whole caboodle to birth without effort and with a certain grace which others cannot give to their creations either by study or by imitation.With the baroque Period we begin to find German commentary which is related to our question, that is are musicians the harvest-tide of training or Nature? One philosopher that we appreciate was Johann David Heinichen (1683 1729), a composer in Dresden. In his mind, there was a natural data link between the learned rules of music and the talent which comes from Nature, for he believed the important rules were all drawn from Nature herself.All arts and sciences have rules and must be learned through rules, if we do not wish to remain simple naturalists, ie., half-ignorant. But we must not err excessively on the side of rules furthermore, we should not accept so crudely the equivocal word Rule, as if we would serve as high sounding rule makers, prescribing laws even to Nature, according to which she must limit herself to auctoritate nostra. No All of our useful rules must be derived from Nature and we must investigate on all levels the will, preference, and character of this mistress and learn from her cum submissione.Heinichen conceded the importance of that which is learned about music, believing that the essential abilities needed for successful composition include natural aptitude and diligence, as well, of course, as knowledge of the basic conceptual information on writing music. However, as he quotes Andreas Werkmeister, rules alone do not suffice.18 If one has no musical aptitude 1,000 rules could be illustrated with 10,000 examples and still the purpose would not be achieved.We have seen above Heinichens contention that all useful rules must be derived from Nature. But he seems hesitant to take on the burden of discussing the full dimension of Natures contribution. For one reason, while he finds Natures gifts unquestionably important, he finds that these gifts vary from composer to composer. One can as little describe the differences in musical talent as one can describe the differences between all ingenuities. Generally, however, one can say that the good talents of composers differ only in degree. For Nature gives to one an animated, clear, burning spirit, but to another a tempered, modest, or even affective nature. The latter is better suited to to the businesslike church style, the former, however, more to the theatrical.Another very important German writer took a similar position. Johann Mattheson not only found that the gifts of Nature varied from man to man, but that sometimes Nature left her gifts broken One sometimes encounters fine minds without true desire and love for it thus one encounters nothing more seldom than the required diligence and necessar y, untiring industry, joined together with these two things, natural ability and real desire because commonly not a little laziness and idleness, lasciviousness, comfortableness, and the like, tend to go side by side with innate gifts and inclinations. A so-called natural disposition without ambition or love is like a buried treasure. Desire and diligence without natural ability is really the worst of all.This partiality which Nature demonstrates in passing out her talents led Mattheson, in another place, to comment on the treatment of students.Natural stupidity or innate simplicity is among the failures of the intellect which no one can sincerely punish, though it can be deplored or at best ridiculed. Desiring to make youngsters intelligent with thrashing is not only futile, but godless. Many examples verify that beatings make heads ten times more dumb than they were previously. This is and clay abysmally characteristic of education in almost every guild and apprenticeship.The gr eat German composer, Georg Telemann (1681-1767), found that of the poets he worked with, some were talented but lacked the learning to successfully complete their assignment. Just as not everyone is born a poet, so every poet cannot write texts adaptable to music, and especially sacred music. It would be lovable for experts to explore this question.Another German writer of the Baroque, Johann Birnbaum, placed more importance on the learned facet of the artist. Indeed, his was a rather unique opinion that one of the fundamental roles of the artist was to perfect and shape Nature into its most ideal state. If art imitates Nature, then indisputably the natural element must everywhere shine through the works of art. Accordingly it is impossible that art should take away the natural element from those things in which it imitates Nature including music. If art aids Nature, then its aim is only to preserve it, and to improve its condition certainly not to unload it.Many things are deliv ered to us by Nature in the most misshapen states, which, however, acquire the most beauteous appearance when they have been formed by art. Thus art lends Nature a beauty it lacks, and increases the beauty it possesses. Now, the greater the art is that is, the more industriously and painstakingly it works at the improvement of Nature the more brilliantly shines the beauty thus brought into being.The opposite view was taken by the great French philosopher, Marin Mersenne (1588-1648). He studied mathematics, physics, the classics and metaphysics at the Jesuit College of Le Mans. After becoming a Jesuit priest, and a member of the Minorite friars, Mersenne began teaching Hebrew, philosophy and theology at the Sorbonne in Paris in 1619. His residence became arequired stopping place for every intellectual visiting Paris, which, together with his correspondence with persons throughout Europe, including Galilei, Huygens and Descartes, made him a virtual one-man academy. His studies and experimentation in music resulted in his Harmonie universelle (1636), a work of encyclopedia resemblance organized in five treatises.It was the conclusion by Mersenne that composers are born and not made through Art. Whatever rules we could give for composing fine and beautiful melodies on all kinds of subjects and texts, it appears that they cannot bring this to pass until we are induced by the favorable genius and natural inclination of those who write excellent ones without having learned or established any other rules than those which their conception furnishes. I shall be of the opinion of those who say that the genius of music is like that of the poet, the painter, the orator, and of several other craftsmen, to whom nature, or rather the Master of Nature, has dispensed certain gifts to which art cannot attain.He was also of the opinion that to some degree the beautiful singer is born and not made. This should be ascribed to the order of manufacturing business Providence, whi ch makes use of all kinds of conditions, as it does of as many voices, to compose the great concert of this universe, whose beauties and charms we will never understand except in Heaven.Franois Marie Arouet (1694-1778), known as Voltaire,27 was the son of a successful attorney and a lively and intelligent woman who hosted a minor salon in Paris. His father advised him, literary productions is the profession of the man who wishes to be useless to society and a burden to his relatives, and to die of hunger. The son responded by becoming one of the most prolific writers of the Baroque, supporting his family and dying wealthy.Voltaire arrived in Paris in 1715 as France was in transition from the era of Louis XIV to the regency for the young Louis XV. His brilliant wit, and sharp tongue, soon brought him to the attention of high society and earned him several visits to the Bastille. One comment remembered from this time followed an announcement that the regent, for reasons of the econom y, had sold half the horses of the violet stables. Voltaire suggested it might have been better if he dismissed half the asses at courtIn one place Voltaireseems to take the position that learning must be everything in the artist, for the reason that Nature has rendered all men equal physically. Yet all nations, even the Hottentots and Kaffirs, pronounce the vowels and consonants as we do, because the larynx in them is basically the same as in us just as the throat of the rudest boor is made like that of the finest opera-singer, the difference, which makes of one a rough, discordant, insupportable bass, and of the other a voice sweeter than the nightingales, being imperceptible to the most acute anatomist or, as the brain of a fool is for all the world like the brain of a great genius.In another place, however, he takes the position that those with real individual genius in the arts possessed something beyond learning or emulation. It must be confessed that in the arts having gen ius as their basis, everything is the product of instinct.By instinct here, Voltaire apparently meant that the true genius is born and not made. Here he seems to suggest that learning is replaced by taste. We use the word genius in variantly in speaking ofan artist, or a musician. Now an artist, however perfect he may be in his profession, if he have no invention, if he be not original, is not considered a genius. He is only inspired by the artists his predecessors, even when he surpasses them.Poussin, who was a great painter before he had seen any good pictures, had a genius for painting. Lully, who never heard any good musician in France, had a genius for music. Genius, conducted by taste, will never commit a gross fault. Genius, without taste, will often commit commodious errors and, what is worse, it will not be sensible of them.30In another place, he adds,The gift of nature is an imagination creative in the arts in the disposition of a picture, in the structure of a poem. It cannot exist without memory, but it uses memory as an instrument with which it produces all its acts.The primary characteristic of this gift of nature, that the artist is born with, Voltaire finds to be the quality of his imagination. Active imagination, which constitutes men poets, confers on them enthusiasm, according to the true meaning of the Greek word, that internal emotion which in reality agitates the mind and transforms the author into the personage whom he introduces as the speaker for such is the true enthusiasm, which consists in emotion and imagery. In general, the imaginations of painters when they are merely ingenious, contribute more to exhibit the learning in the artist than to increase the beauty of the art. In all the arts, the most beautiful imagination is always the most natural.Two examples from English literature take the position that the successful artist is the product of both birth and art (learning). We have an interesting poem in honor of Shakespeare b y Ben Jonson, in which the poet observes that though the matter of poets be Nature, it is the art of the poet which must shape it. In a criticism on Shakespeares own labor, Jonson notes, For a good poets made, as well as born.And such wert thou.33A similar reflection is made by Robert Herrick (1591 1674). Man is composed here of a two-fold part The first of Nature, and the next of Art Art presupposes Nature.34And now, it might be interesting to consider what some of the great composers have compose on this subject. First, there are some isolated thoughts from the diary of Robert Schumann, which has been dated about 1833. It is the curse of talent that, although it labors more steadily and perseveringly than genius, it does not reach a goal while genius, floating on the summit of the ideal, grazes from above, serenely smiling. ..It is not a good thing to have acquired too much rapidity in any occupation. .. The youthful works of masters who have become great, are looked upon with very different eyes than are the works of composers who promised as much, but did not keep their word. .. Dare talent give up itself to take the same liberties as genius? .. Talent labors, genius creates. .. Few strikingly original works of genius have become popular.These comments on talent as opposed to genius by Schumann instigate us of one of Wagners essays where he quotes Schopenhauer, Talent hits a mark we all can see, but cannot lightly reach whilst Genius attains a goal we others do not even see.35Our original question was, Are musicians born or made? When you look at the sketch books of Beethoven, it is perfectly obvious that even so great a composer as he had to go to great efforts to make his compositions. In sounding at these sketches one sometimes feels that if he had a gift, it was the gift of knowing what to reject. His birth gift was Taste, not counterpoint. Mozart is another matter. As Schumann pointed out one time, the only way you can be a Mozart is to be born a Mozart.36 But, if you have to be born a Mozart, then what is going on in all those thousands of music schools around the world? It is an interesting question.It is even a more interesting question from the following perspective. You go to hear, lets say, a piano recital. You are moved, you are inspired, and you say, That was really musical. What you are referring to in that moment is not taught in those music schools. What then is being taught in all those music schools? In our view most of this activity is centered in two areas 1 A great totality of time is worn-out(a) by music schools in the teaching of grammar. In no other field and in none of the other arts is such a disproportionate amount of time spent on grammar as opposed to meaning and purpose.Can one imagine, for example, Marlon Brando, Jack Nicholson, Marilyn Monroe and Jane Fonda at the Lee Strasberg Actors Studio in New York sitting around discussing grammar? In what music school is there even one all-round(prenom inal) course in aesthetics? In what music school is there discussion on what music meant to Beethoven? Who will talk about music and character development? Who tells students why classical music is important and popular music is not? Who explains to students the difference between inspiredmusic and educational music? Who takes on the responsibility for explaining to students that music education is about commerce, but not art? 2 The other great field of activity in music schools is the instruction of students on how to become players of instruments, including the vocal instrument.But what studio teacher, as a part of the necessary technique, explains to the student how to move the emotions of the attender? In how many studios is the word listener even mentioned? What studio teacher brings up the subject of earning a living? One day students will ask that question and the house of cards will collapse. To conclude, surely everyone understands that one cannot learn, in any music schoo l anywhere, to become a Mozart. That is not only a gift of God, but a gift God rarely dispenses. But there are other gifts, some of which are genetic, gifts of God to everyman. First and foremost among these is the ability to understand music as a listener without going to those music schools. And then there are the gifts which come from participation in music.Surely anyone whose means of making a living includes the performance of music, whether professional, community or school, must feel a recipient of a gift of the gods. You could be a dentist How much would they have to pay you to stand and look into other peoples mouths all day? And finally there are those people who may not have the opportunity to perform, but understand the importance of music to society and give of themselves to make it happen. It was of them that Mendelssohn once wrote, The smallest real service to artseems a blessing sent by God.

Contingent Reward System

Contingent reward is a reward that should be given to supply members when they earn them, that is the principle of contingent upon(p) rewards. (Motivating others through, 2011) This is a big(p) way to get the desired effect when working with a staff that might not be motivated to get a task or designation done. A trend in the joined States is toward a larger portion of employees compensation to be provided in the form of variable pay such(prenominal) as bonuses and equity-based compensation. (Motivating others through, 2011)Being the manager at the fast food restaurant and having a difficult cadence motivating your employees to clean the facility every three hours give be an easy task, when you find the scoop up way to motivate them. What I have come up with is a three part contingent reward program. The three steps atomic number 18 Assign tasks to each employee We will provide a spill to each team employee listing there areas they are responsible through out the month. Thi s allows them to plan for the tasks and assignment they will need to complete. Each employee will get assignments based on there level of experience.As they preempt up in the company more tasks can be assigned. Manager/Head Manager checks quotidian on tasks This is important part of the contingent reward system. Every three hours the manager needs to keep in line that the task is done and make a note of it on a board where all the tasks for the month are represented. Reward The reward is broken down per paycheck. Each completed task represents a sure office of additional money. This will also be viewed quarterly for yet another possible percentage increase So as the employees do there assigned task they are rewarded for that. If they do not do the task they will not receive the increase It will also show they are not getting there tasks done on the big board oThis will service as a motivation as the team can see who is performing and who is not This is the concept that has been create to help the employees to see the benefit of having a clean facility. With a clean facility and friendly staff there is a strong chance that the amount of customers will increase which in turn will affect profit. Reference Motivating others through goals and rewards. (2011, April 4). Retrieved from http//www. wright. edu/scott. williams/LeaderLetter/motivating. htm